Choice of materials includes, but is not limited to, Super Duplex and various Inconel alloys for the metal part and FEPM and FFKM (i.e. Viton™ Extreme™/ETP 600S, Kalrez®, Simriz®, Chemraz®, Tecnoflon® PFR FFKM) for the elastomer part.
Bonded seals, also known as Dowty® seals, are commonly only available in structural steel or stainless steel, with elastomer part in either NBR or FKM Type 1 (often referred to as Viton®). Structural steel and NBR have limitations both in temperature resistance, typically up to 100°C, and chemical compatibility.
A combination of stainless steel and FKM offers a broader chemical compatibility, but incompatible with harsh media such as strong acids or alkaline media at elevated temperatures. Temperature typically between -20°C to +200°C, depending on the media. For more demanding applications stainless steel/FKM is simply not up for the job.